解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
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公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::An estimated 90% of all HIV transmissions occur mucosally. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) molecules are important components of mucosal fluids. In a vaccine efficacy study, in which virosomes displaying HIV gp41 antigens protected most rhesus monkeys (RMs) against simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV), protection correla...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s12977-014-0109-5
更新日期:2014-12-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Crocodilians are thought to be hosts to a diverse and divergent complement of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) but a comprehensive investigation is yet to be performed. The recent sequencing of three crocodilian genomes provides an opportunity for a more detailed and accurate representation of the ERV diversit...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12977-014-0071-2
更新日期:2014-12-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Interferon induced transmembrane proteins 1, 2 and 3 (IFITMs) belong to a family of highly related antiviral factors that have been shown to interfere with a large spectrum of viruses including Filoviruses, Coronaviruses, Influenza virus, Dengue virus and HIV-1. In all these cases, the reported mechanism of ...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12977-014-0103-y
更新日期:2014-11-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Formation of a mature core is a crucial event for infectivity of retroviruses such as Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV). The process is triggered by proteolytic cleavage of the polyprotein precursor Gag, which releases matrix, capsid (CA), and nucleocapsid proteins. Once released, CA assembles to form a matu...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12977-014-0094-8
更新日期:2014-10-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recombination is a common feature of retroviral biology and one of the most important factors responsible for generating viral diversity at both the intra-host and the population levels. However, relatively little is known about rates and molecular processes of recombination for retroviruses other than HIV, ...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12977-014-0080-1
更新日期:2014-09-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The widespread use of highly effective, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has led to a significant reduction in the incidence of HIV-associated dementia (HAD). Despite these advances, the prevalence of HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs) has been estimated at approximately 40%-50%. In t...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12977-014-0065-0
更新日期:2014-08-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Integration of retroviral DNA into a germ cell can result in a provirus that is transmitted vertically to the host's offspring. In humans, such endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) comprise >8% of the genome. The HERV-K(HML-2) proviruses consist of ~90 elements related to mouse mammary tumor virus, which causes b...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12977-014-0062-3
更新日期:2014-08-12 00:00:00
abstract::The 16th International Conference on Human Retrovirology: HTLV and Related Retroviruses was held in Montreal, Québec from June 26th to June 30th, 2013 and was therefore hosted by a Canadian city for the first time. The major topic of the meeting was human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLVs) and was covered through distinct...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type:
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-11-19
更新日期:2014-02-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Early HIV-1 infection causes massive CD4+ T cell death in the gut and translocation of bacteria into the circulation. However, the programmed cell death (PCD) pathways used by HIV-1 to kill CD4+ T cells in the gut, and the impact of microbial exposure on T cell loss, remain unclear. Understanding mucosal HIV...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-11-14
更新日期:2014-02-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A key goal for HIV-1 envelope immunogen design is the induction of cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies (nAbs). As AIDS vaccine recipients will not be exposed to strains exactly matching any immunogens due to multiple HIV-1 quasispecies circulating in the human population worldwide, heterologous SHIV chall...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-11-8
更新日期:2014-01-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous studies suggest that active selection limits the number of HIV-1 variants acquired by a newly infected individual from the diverse variants circulating in the transmitting partner. We compared HIV-1 envelopes from 9 newly infected subjects and their linked transmitting partner to explore potential m...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-10-162
更新日期:2013-12-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We previously demonstrated that primary Th1Th17 cells are highly permissive to HIV-1, whereas Th1 cells are relatively resistant. Molecular mechanisms underlying these differences remain unknown. RESULTS:Exposure to replication competent and single-round VSV-G pseudotyped HIV strains provide evidence that s...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-10-160
更新日期:2013-12-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:HIV-1 budding is directed primarily by two motifs in Gag p6 designated as late domain-1 and -2 that recruit ESCRT machinery by binding Tsg101 and Alix, respectively, and by poorly characterized determinants in the capsid (CA) domain. Here, we report that a conserved Gag p6 residue, S40, impacts budding media...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-10-143
更新日期:2013-11-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A nef gene is present in all primate lentiviral genomes and is important for high viral loads and progression to AIDS in human or experimental macaque hosts of HIV or SIV, respectively. In these hosts, infection of the thymus results in a decreased output of naive T cells that may contribute to the developme...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-10-137
更新日期:2013-11-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:HIV-1 Nef is a viral accessory protein critical for AIDS progression. Nef lacks intrinsic catalytic activity and binds multiple host cell signaling proteins, including Hck and other Src-family tyrosine kinases. Nef binding induces constitutive Hck activation that may contribute to HIV pathogenesis by promoti...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-10-135
更新日期:2013-11-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial for recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by cells of the innate immune system. TLRs are present and functional in CD4⁺ T cells. Memory CD4⁺ T cells, predominantly central memory cells (TCM), constitute the main reservoir of latent HIV-1. However, how TL...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-10-119
更新日期:2013-10-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Existing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) effectively controls viral replication in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected individuals but cannot completely eradicate the infection, at least in part due to the persistence of latently infected cells. One strategy that is being active...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-10-120
更新日期:2013-10-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:HTLV-I associated adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) carries a dismal prognosis due to chemo-resistance and immuno-compromised micro-environment. The combination of zidovudine and interferon-alpha (IFN) significantly improved survival in ATL. Promising results were reported by adding arsenic trioxide to zi...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-10-91
更新日期:2013-08-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:APOBEC3 (A3) proteins restrict viral replication by cytidine deamination of viral DNA genomes and impairing reverse transcription and integration. To escape this restriction, lentiviruses have evolved the viral infectivity factor (Vif), which binds A3 proteins and targets them for proteolytic degradation. In...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-10-76
更新日期:2013-07-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) is a nuclear enzyme that methylates arginine residues on histones and transcription factors. In addition, PRMT6 inhibits HIV-1 replication in cell culture by directly methylating and interfering with the functions of several HIV-1 proteins, i.e. Tat, Rev and nucle...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-10-73
更新日期:2013-07-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:International travel plays a role in the spread of HIV-1 across Europe. It is, however, not known whether international travel is more important for spread of the epidemic as compared to endogenous infections within single countries. In this study, phylogenetic associations among HIV of newly diagnosed patie...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-10-36
更新日期:2013-04-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite intensive investigation the mechanism by which HIV-1 reaches the host cell nucleus is unknown. TNPO3, a karyopherin mediating nuclear entry of SR-proteins, was shown to be required for HIV-1 infectivity. Some investigators have reported that TNPO3 promotes HIV-1 nuclear import, as would be expected f...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-10-20
更新日期:2013-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Attenuation of p53 activity appears to be a major step in Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax transformation. However, p53 genomic mutations are late and rather infrequent events in HTLV-1 induced Adult T cell leukemia (ATL). The paper by Zane et al. shows that a mediator of p53 activity, Wild-type p53-indu...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-9-115
更新日期:2012-12-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:SAMHD1 is an HIV-1 restriction factor in non-dividing monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and resting CD4+ T-cells. Acting as a deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) triphosphohydrolase, SAMHD1 hydrolyzes dNTPs and restricts HIV-1 infection in macrophages and resting CD4+ T-cells by decreasing the i...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-9-105
更新日期:2012-12-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Retroviruses HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 have homologous genomic structures but differ significantly in pathogenicity. HTLV-1 is associated with Adult T cell Leukemia (ATL), whereas infection by HTLV-2 has no association with neoplasia. Transformation of T lymphocytes by HTLV-1 is linked to the capacity of its oncopro...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-9-102
更新日期:2012-12-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The recently approved anti-AIDS drug rilpivirine (TMC278, Edurant) is a nonnucleoside inhibitor (NNRTI) that binds to reverse transcriptase (RT) and allosterically blocks the chemical step of DNA synthesis. In contrast to earlier NNRTIs, rilpivirine retains potency against well-characterized, clinically rele...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-9-99
更新日期:2012-12-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:HIV infection results in inhibited cholesterol efflux by apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) in macrophages, and this impairment involves Nef mediated down-regulation and redistribution of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA-1). We investigated the effect of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) on the cholesterol efflux by apoA...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-9-85
更新日期:2012-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Correlates of protection (CoPs) against infection by primate lentiviruses remain undefined. Modest protection against HIV-1 was observed in one human vaccine trial, whereas previous trials and vaccine-challenge experiments in non-human primates have yielded inconsistent but intriguing results. Although high levels of ...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-9-80
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Susceptibility to HIV-1 and the clinical course after infection show a substantial heterogeneity between individuals. Part of this variability can be attributed to host genetic variation. Initial candidate gene studies have revealed interesting host factors that influence HIV infection, replication and pathogenesis. R...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-9-70
更新日期:2012-08-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Upon HIV entry into target cells, viral cores are released and rearranged into reverse transcription complexes (RTCs), which support reverse transcription and also protect and transport viral cDNA to the site of integration. RTCs are composed of viral and cellular proteins that originate from both target and...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-9-65
更新日期:2012-08-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Thymidine analogue resistance mutations (TAMs) selected under treatment with nucleoside analogues generate two distinct genotypic profiles in the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT): (i) TAM1: M41L, L210W and T215Y, and (ii) TAM2: D67N, K70R and K219E/Q, and sometimes T215F. Secondary mutations, including thumb...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-9-68
更新日期:2012-08-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into the host cell involves interactions between the viral envelope glycoproteins (Env) and the cellular receptor CD4 as well as a coreceptor molecule (most importantly CCR5 or CXCR4). Viral preference for a specific coreceptor (tropism) is in particular d...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-9-60
更新日期:2012-07-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chemokine receptors (CKRs), the primordial receptors for primate lentiviruses, are sufficient to mediate virus-cell fusion. Several different fusogenic CKRs and related receptors provide a broad potential host cell range, presumably advantageous for viral spread within a given infected individual, and across...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-9-61
更新日期:2012-07-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We reported previously that while prolonged tenofovir monotherapy of macaques infected with virulent simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) resulted invariably in the emergence of viral mutants with reduced in vitro drug susceptibility and a K65R mutation in reverse transcriptase, some animals controlled virus ...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-9-57
更新日期:2012-07-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The development of anaemia in feline leukaemia virus (FeLV)-infected cats is associated with the emergence of a novel viral subgroup, FeLV-C. FeLV-C arises from the subgroup that is transmitted, FeLV-A, through alterations in the amino acid sequence of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the envelope glycop...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-9-48
更新日期:2012-05-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:HIV-1 Nef is a multifunctional protein required for full pathogenicity of the virus. As Nef has no known enzymatic activity, it necessarily functions through protein-protein interaction interfaces. A critical Nef protein interaction interface is centered on its polyproline segment (P69VRPQVPLRP78) which cont...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-9-47
更新日期:2012-05-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Binding of the viral envelope protein (Env), and particularly of its gp120 subunit, to the cellular CD4 receptor is the first essential step of the HIV-1 entry process. The CD4 binding site (CD4bs) of gp120, and especially a recessed cavity occupied by the CD4 Phe43 residue, are known to be highly conserved ...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-9-36
更新日期:2012-05-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mutations in the substrate of HIV-1 protease, especially changes in the NC/p1 cleavage site, can directly contribute to protease inhibitor (PI) resistance and also compensate for defects in viral replicative capacity (RC) due to a drug resistant protease. These NC/p1 changes are known to enhance processing o...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-9-29
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the proliferation of sequence data, great challenges are posed in the correct annotation of endogenous retroviruses, which together comprise up to ten per cent of the genomes of many organisms. It is therefore essential that all sources of information are carefully considered before drawing conclusions concerning...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 评论,信件
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-9-23
更新日期:2012-03-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ankyrins are cellular mediators of a number of essential protein-protein interactions. Unlike intrabodies, ankyrins are composed of highly structured repeat modules characterized by disulfide bridge-independent folding. Artificial ankyrin molecules, designed to target viral components, might act as intracell...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-9-17
更新日期:2012-02-20 00:00:00